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Context en craving voor chocolade: extinctie en renewal in gezondheidsrelateerd gedrag
Samenvatting
In dit artikel wordt een samenvatting gegeven van eerder onderzoek (Van Gucht, Vansteenwegen, Beckers & Van den Bergh, 2008b; Van Gucht, Vansteenwegen, Van den Bergh & Beckers, 2008c) waarin een appetitief conditioneringsparadigma ontwikkeld werd om processen van craving en cravingreductie te onderzoeken met het oog op het beperken van terugval in verstoord eetgedrag en verslaafd gedrag. Naast craving werden ook andere afhankelijke maten opgenomen, namelijk de subjectieve verwachting en een gedragsmaat als index van toenaderings- en vermijdingstendensen. Meerdere experimenten leverden verrassende verschillen op tussen de maten. Subjectieve verwachting en automatisch toenaderingsgedrag namen af door een uitdovingsprocedure, maar keerden bij een verandering van context na de uitdovingsprocedure weer makkelijk terug (ABA renewal); in tegenstelling tot de verwachting en gedragstendens bleek craving helemaal niet uit te doven. Terugval kan bijgevolg zowel veroorzaakt worden door craving die niet uitdooft, als door terugkeer van voorbereidende reacties tengevolge een verandering van context na uitdoving (cf. de renewal in verwachtings- en gedragsmaat).
Summary
Context and craving for chocolate: extinction and renewal in health-related behavior
In this article we provide a summary of previous research (Van Gucht, Vansteenwegen, Beckers, & Van den Bergh, 2008b; Van Gucht, Vansteenwegen, Van den Bergh & Beckers, 2008c) in which we developed a conditioning paradigm that allows to systematically investigate the acquisition, extinction and return of conditioned appetitive responses in humans with the goal to minimize relapse in disturbed eating behaviour and addictive behavior. In addition to the assessment of craving, we also included other dependent measures, such as US expectancy and an indirect behavioral measure of approach and avoiding tendencies. Several experiments provided surprising differences between these measures. We found solid evidence for renewal in terms of expectancy and automatic approach behavior. However, craving was apparently not affected by an extinction procedure even though extinction did effectively reduce the other two conditioned responses. Thus, relapse cannot only be promoted by a return of anticipatory reactions due to a context switch (e.g., renewal in the expectancy and behavioral measure) but also by lingering craving.
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