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De behandeling van depressie bij kinderen en jongeren: bruggen slaan tussen cognitieve gedragstherapie en gehechtheidstheorie
Samenvatting
Hand in hand met de toenemende erkenning van het bestaan van depressie bij kinderen en jongeren werden er verschillende cognitief gedragstherapeutische (CGT) behandelprogramma's ontwikkeld. Hoewel onderzoek aantoont dat deze behandelprogramma's effectief zijn, blijkt uit een aantal toonaangevende meta-analyses dat de grootte van de behandeleffecten eerder beperkt is. Het betrekken van ouders in de behandeling, lijkt voorlopig weinig meerwaarde te bieden. Mogelijk komt dit omdat de gehechtheidskwaliteit van de relatie onvoldoende in rekening wordt gebracht bij de huidige behandeling. Recent werd aangetoond dat de gehechtheidsprocessen beschreven kunnen worden vanuit de cognitieve schematheorie. Deze literatuurstudie beoogt dit argument te onderbouwen en te illustreren hoe deze recente inzichten de behandeling van depressie bij kinderen en adolescenten kunnen optimaliseren.
Summary
Treatment of depression in children and adolescents
Together with the increased recognition of depression in youngsters, cognitive behavioral therapists have developed treatment programs for depressed children and adolescents. Although research suggests that these treatment programs are effective, several influential meta-analyses suggested that the size of the effect is rather limited. Involving parents during treatment does not seem to add to the effect size of the existing programs. This might be because the existing treatment programs do not adequately focus on restoring the quality of the parent-child attachment relationship. Recent research suggests that attachment processes can be described from a cognitive schema perspective. This literature review aims at corroborating this hypothesis and at illustrating how recent insights in attachment theory can optimize the treatment of depressed children and adolescents.
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