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Ontevreden over uw lichaam? Voor de spiegel! En dan? Exposure aan wat eigenlijk?
Samenvatting
Mensen met eetstoornissen zijn vaak intens ontevreden over hun lichaam, niet zelden hebben ze een enorme afkeer van het eigen lijf. Uit studies naar de effectiviteit van behandelingen blijkt dat aanhoudende lichaamsontevredenheid aan het einde van een behandeling de kans op terugval in het gestoorde eetgedrag vergroot. Het is dus zaak om iets aan die ontevredenheid te doen. Wij gaven jonge vrouwen die ontevreden waren met hun lichaam een ‘lekker-in-je-vel' training, die bestond uit herhaalde langdurige blootstelling aan het eigen bijna blote lichaam in een spiegel. De aandacht van de helft van de patiënten werd daarbij uitsluitend gericht op haar aantrekkelijkste lichaamsdelen (positieve exposure) terwijl de aandacht van de andere helft juist werd gericht op haar onaantrekkelijkste lichaamsdelen (negatieve exposure). Ons idee was dat het automatiseren van aandacht voor mooie lichaamsdelen tijdens positieve exposure tot betere resultaten (meer lichaamstevredenheid) zou leiden dan de habituatie aan onaantrekkelijke delen tijdens negatieve exposure. Of dit ook zo uitpakte leest u hieronder.
Summary
Exposure interventions for reducing body dissatisfaction
Body dissatisfaction is a risk factor for eating disorders, and eating disorder patients usually show intense body loathing. Studies into the effectiveness of eating disorder treatment show that persistent body dissatisfaction at the end of treatment predicts relapse. It seems necessary to develop interventions that are effective in the reduction of body dissatisfaction. In this study, female students that are extremely dissatisfied with their bodies were treated with one of two exposure interventions: ‘positive' or ‘negative' exposure. In the positive exposure condition attention was exclusively directed at the body parts that were evaluated as most attractive by the participant. In the negative exposure condition attention was exclusively directed at the body parts that were evaluated as most unattractive. It was hypothesized that the positive exposure would be more effective to reduce body dissatisfaction. It was however found that both exposure interventions were very effective in the reduction of body dissatisfaction.
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